Drone technology: basic theoretical knowledge of drones

1. Overview and Classification of UAVs
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft that carries no human pilot or passengers. UAVs sometimes people call it drones, which can be fully or partially autonomous but are more often  remotely controlled by a pilot. UAVs can be divided into several categories, such as fixed-wing UAVs, rotary-wing UAVs (such as quad-rotors, hexacopters, etc.), delta wing UAVs, vertical take-off and landing UAVs, etc.

2. UAV structure and composition
UAVs are mainly composed of the body, power system, control system, sensor system and mission payload. The body is the skeleton of the UAV, providing shell support and protection; the power system provides the thrust required for the UAV to fly; the control system is responsible for the stable flight and autonomous navigation of the UAV; the sensor system senses the external environment and provides necessary information for the decision-making and control of the UAV; the mission payload is configured according to the specific mission requirements of the UAV, such as thermal cameras, sensors, Pod, fire extinguisher, etc.

3. Drone flight principle
The flight principle of drones is based on aerodynamics and flight control theory. By adjusting the angle and speed of the drone's wing surface, rotor and other components, the basic flight actions of the drone, such as lifting, turning and acceleration, can be controlled.

4. UAV navigation and control
UAV navigation and control are the core of UAV technology. By integrating navigation sensors (such as GPS, Beidou, GLONASS etc.), the UAV can determine its own position, speed and direction, and achieve autonomous flight and obstacle avoidance through the control system.

5. UAV communication and data transmission
UAV communication and data transmission technology is the key to realize remote control and data transmission of UAV. Through radio waves, satellite communications and other means, remote control of UAV and real-time data transmission can be realized.

6. UAV sensor technology
Sensor technology is an important means for UAVs to perceive the external environment. It includes cameras, radars, infrared sensors and other types, which are used to realize the UAV's environmental perception, obstacle detection and other functions.

7. UAV power system
The UAV power system is the power source for the UAV to fly. Depending on the type and needs of the UAV, the power system can be electric, fuel, and other types to provide sufficient thrust and endurance for the UAV.

8. Drone Laws and Ethics
As drone applications become more and more popular, related legal and ethical issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Investors and practitioners need to understand and comply with relevant laws and regulations, such as flight restrictions and privacy protection, while also paying attention to ethical issues, such as avoiding interference or harm to others.

9. UAV applications and cases
UAVs are widely used in many fields, such as aerial photography, agricultural plant protection, environmental monitoring, firefighting, oil pipeline inspection, reconnaissance patrol, emergency rescue, express logistics, etc. By understanding the application cases of UAVs, we can have a deeper understanding of the actual application value and investment potential of UAVs.